Nonfarm Payrolls +288,000, Unemployment Rate Drops to 6.3%; Household Survey Employment -73,000, Labor Force -806,000

Initial Reaction

This month sported another amazing difference between the household survey and the payroll survey. The difference is so vast that looking at the numbers in isolation, one might think the results were from two different countries.

The headline number from the payroll survey beat expectations by a mile with 288,000 jobs, but beneath the surface, the household survey shows employment declined by 73,000.

April BLS Jobs Statistics at a Glance

• Nonfarm Payroll: +288,000 - Establishment Survey
• Employment: -73,000 - Household Survey
• Unemployment: -733,000 - Household Survey
• Involuntary Part-Time Work: +54,000 - Household Survey
• Voluntary Part-Time Work: -330,000 - Household Survey
• Baseline Unemployment Rate: -0.4 at 6.3% - Household Survey
• U-6 unemployment: -0.4 to 12.3% - Household Survey
• Civilian Non-institutional Population: +181,000
• Civilian Labor Force: -806,000 - Household Survey
• Not in Labor Force: +988,000 - Household Survey
• Participation Rate: +0.2 at 62.8 - Household Survey

Additional Notes About the Unemployment Rate

• The unemployment rate varies in accordance with the Household Survey, not the reported headline jobs number, and not in accordance with the weekly claims data.
• In the past year the population rose by 2,260,000.
• In the last year the labor force rose by 62,000.
• In the last year, those "not" in the labor force rose by 2,203,000
• Over the course of the last year, the number of people employed rose by 1,993,000 (an average of 166,000 a month)

The population rose by over 2 million, but the labor force was essentially flat. People dropping out of the work force accounts for much of the declining unemployment rate.

April 2014 Employment Report

Please consider the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) April 2014 Employment Report.

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 288,000, and the unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 6.3 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains were widespread, led by job growth in professional and business services, retail trade, food services and drinking places, and construction.

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Unemployment Rate - Seasonally Adjusted



Nonfarm Employment January 2011 - April 2014



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Nonfarm Employment Change from Previous Month by Job Type



The establishment survey gain is the largest 1-month gain since January 2012. Nonfarm employment remains just 113,000 below its January 2008 peak.

Hours and Wages

Average weekly hours of all private employees was flat at 34.5 hours. Average weekly hours of all private service-providing employees was flat at 33.3 hours.

Average hourly earnings of private workers rose $0.03 to $20.50. Average hourly earnings of private service-providing employees rose $0.02 to $20.28.

For further discussion of income distribution, please see What's "Really" Behind Gross Inequalities In Income Distribution?

Birth Death Model

Starting January, I dropped the Birth/Death Model charts from this report. For those who follow the numbers, I keep this caution: Do not subtract the reported Birth-Death number from the reported headline number. That approach is statistically invalid. Should anything interesting arise in the Birth/Death numbers, I will add the charts back.

Table 15 BLS Alternate Measures of Unemployment



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Table A-15 is where one can find a better approximation of what the unemployment rate really is.

Notice I said "better" approximation not to be confused with "good" approximation.

The official unemployment rate is 6.3%. However, if you start counting all the people who want a job but gave up, all the people with part-time jobs that want a full-time job, all the people who dropped off the unemployment rolls because their unemployment benefits ran out, etc., you get a closer picture of what the unemployment rate is. That number is in the last row labeled U-6.

U-6 is much higher at 12.3%. Both numbers would be way higher still, were it not for millions dropping out of the labor force over the past few years.

Labor Force Factors

1. Discouraged workers stop looking for jobs
2. People retire because they cannot find jobs
3. People go back to school hoping it will improve their chances of getting a job
4. People stay in school longer because they cannot find a job
5. Disability and disability fraud

Were it not for people dropping out of the labor force, the unemployment rate would be well over 9%.

Synopsis

Last month, weather-related effects were taken back and then some. This month we see a return to the divergence between the household survey and the establishment survey. +288,000 vs. -73,000 is massive. So is the decline in labor force of 800,000. That is the only reason the unemployment rate declined. All things considered, this was not a good report.

Mike "Mish" Shedlock
http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com